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| Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend
''Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend'' is a 1983 book by political theorist Norman Geras, who discusses Karl Marx's ''Sixth Thesis on Feuerbach'' and argues against "the obstinate old legend" that Marx denied the existence of a universal human nature.〔Geras 1983. p. 11.〕 Geras's work is a classic discussion of the subject, and his conclusions have been endorsed by numerous scholars.
==Summary==
Geras discusses Marx's ''Sixth Thesis on Feuerbach'', which states of the philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach: "Feuerbach resolves the essence of religion into the essence of ''man''. But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In its reality it is the ensemble of the social relations. Feuerbach, who does not enter upon a criticism of this real essence, is hence obliged: 1. To abstract from the historical process and to define the religious sentiment by itself, and to presuppose an abstract - ''isolated'' - human individual. 2. Essence, therefore, can be regarded only as 'species', as an inner, mute, general character which unites the many individuals ''in a natural way''."〔Geras 1983. p. 29.〕
Based on his reading of the ''Thesis'', Geras argues that Marx had a definite conception of human nature and did not hold the social constructionist view that human being can be reduced to its relation with others.〔Kovel 1991. p. 255.〕 He maintains that the concept of human nature is compatible with historical materialism, and criticizes Louis Althusser and his followers for popularizing a belief to the contrary.〔Geras 1983. p. 19.〕 Geras is also critical of the Hungarian Marxist philosopher István Mészáros, finding his work ''Marx's Theory of Alienation'' (1970) to be an example of the way in which Marxists have illogically denied that human nature exists even while engaging in analysis of Marx that depends on the concept of a human nature.〔Geras 1983. pp. 53-54.〕
Philosophers Geras takes a more favorable view of include the Croatian Gajo Petrović, author of ''Marx in the mid-twentieth century'' (1965), and the Canadian Gerald Cohen, author of ''Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence'' (1978). Geras calls Cohen's book the leading philosophical discussion of the way in which the character of human beings in any setting depends upon the nature of the prevailing social relations.〔Geras 1983. pp. 19, 39-40, 117.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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